King of Designers Wilhelm Maybach Born 175 years Ago

175 years ago, the “King of Designers” Wilhelm Maybach was born in Heilbronn, Germany, 1846. The second oldest son of a carpenter would later become a hugely influential designer and is credited with being the designer of the first modern car.
 
This accolade is not given lightly, Maybach was an outstanding technical talent. Responsible for many inventions for Daimler that helped Gottlieb achieve his vision of motorised mobility with different modes of transport.
 
Augustus Wilhelm Maybach moved to Stuttgart with his parents and family in the early 1850s. But things weren’t easy for him, losing his mother in 1854 and then only two years later his father. Friends of the family tried to find homes for the orphans, even placing a newspaper advert in the Stuttgarter Anzeiger. Wilhelm was eventually taken in by an institution called Bruderhaus, the house of brothers, in Reutlingen. The Bruderhaus also ran orphan asylums, schools and factories.
175 years ago, the “King of Designers” Wilhelm Maybach was born in Heilbronn, Germany, 9 February 1846. The second oldest son of a carpenter would later become a hugely influential designer and is credited with being the designer of the first modern car.
 
This accolade is not given lightly, Maybach was an outstanding technical talent. Responsible for many inventions for Daimler that helped Gottlieb achieve his vision of motorised mobility with different modes of transport.
 
Augustus Wilhelm Maybach moved to Stuttgart with his parents and family in the early 1850s. But things weren’t easy for him, losing his mother in 1854 and then only two years later his father. Friends of the family tried to find homes for the orphans, even placing a newspaper advert in the Stuttgarter Anzeiger. Wilhelm was eventually taken in by an institution called Bruderhaus, the house of brothers, in Reutlingen. The Bruderhaus also ran orphan asylums, schools and factories.
 
It was at the Bruderhaus that Maybach initially trained as a baker and confectioner. But Pastor Werner saw the boy’s vast technical talents and encouraged it. As a result of this Maybach started an apprenticeship at the drawing office of the machine shop in 1861. He received physics and free hand drawing lessons at the city’s advanced training facility. He later had mathematics at secondary school. He was also luck to receive English and French lessons from the first day of his career.
 
In 1863 Maybach met Daimler, as Pastor Werner recruited the 29 year old Daimler as an inspector of Bruderhaus Vereinigte Werkstätten, the united workshops.
It was at the Bruderhaus that Maybach initially trained as a baker and confectioner. But Pastor Werner saw the boy’s vast technical talents and encouraged it. As a result of this Maybach started an apprenticeship at the drawing office of the machine shop in 1861. He received physics and free hand drawing lessons at the city’s advanced training facility. He later had mathematics at secondary school. He was also luck to receive English and French lessons from the first day of his career.
 
In 1863 Maybach met Daimler, as Pastor Werner recruited the 29 year old Daimler as an inspector of Bruderhaus Vereinigte Werkstätten, the united workshops.
Daimler identified Maybach ‘s skills whilst in Reutlingen and formed what would be a successful partnership. It would seem logical that when Daimler was appointed to the management board of Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe that Maybach would follow. He soon did and and worked at the local design office.
 
Both of the men relocated in 1872, Daimler being appointed to the management board of Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz AG. Nicolaus August Otto established the company with the families of entrepreneurs Langen and Pfeiffer that same year.
 
Maybach followed and became head of the Deutz Design department in 1873. Here he worked on developing Otto’s four-stroke engine to production. He ran trials with liquid fuels and a converted gas engine back in 1875. In 1876 Maybach was sent on a trip to the United States of America. When there, with the help of his older brother Karl, he got in contact with piano builders Steinway & Sons. With the help of Steinway, Daimler would develop the North American market in 1888.

Maybach's Inventions Realise Daimlers Visions

 Gottlieb Daimler already had a vision of a compact fast running combustion engine that would be suitable for use in vehicles whilst working at Deutz. However, he wasn’t able to make this a reality whilst at the company. He left Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz to become self-employed in Canstatt near Stuttgart. He signed a contract with Wilhelm Maybach in April 1882.
 
 
This partnership is where Maybach brought Daimlers visions to reality. The automotive pioneer’s dream of motorised mobility on water, land and air became real.
 
In 1882 the first fast running petrol engine were developed at Daimler’s home at Taubenheimstrasse 13. The engines were known as grandfather clocks due to their appearance. They developed the world’s first motorcycle, the Reitwagen, in 1885. This was followed by the motorboat in 1886 and the first four wheeled car, Daimler’s Motorkutsche in 1886.
 
Rail vehicles followed with Daimler motorised Waggonet in 1887 and then Wölfert’s motorised airship in 1888.
Maybach further developed new technology by advancing gearbox design. He produced the four-speed gear only transmission with movable gear wheels. He also spent time developing the two cylinder V engine built under licence from Peugeot from 1890. Maybach was not concerned with any conflict between Daimler and the company he established at the beginning of the 1890s.
 
 
He later developed the Phoenix in-line two-cylinder engine and the spray-nozzle carburettor. His company rented a facility as Hotel Hermann’s garden hall. Maybach enjoyed much success with the Phoenix engine. With international licensees he managed to reinstate himself and Daimler at Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) in 1895.

The First Modern Car

Wilhelm Maybach then technical director at DMG, continued to invent. in 1897 he created the tube based radiator and registered it as a utility model. In 1899 he developed a four stroke engine for Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin’s airship. DMG registered the honeycomb radiator in 1900 as a patent and on the 22 November that year the first Mercedes 35 hp was finished in Canstatt. This was a historic moment as it was considered to be the first modern car and everything else has evolved from this point.
 
 
Commissioned by Daimlers most important distributer at the time, Emil Jellinek. The new vehicle concept from Maybach was lightweight with a high performance engine. The clever new radiator and a long wheelbase giving a low centre of gravity. The Nice Week motorsport event was dominated by this car between 25 and 19 March 1901.
 
It was this brilliant success that earned Maybach the nickname “King of Designers”.
Until 1904, Maybach developed the concept from the Mercedes Simplex 40 hp to 60 hp and the Simplex 90 hp. but following Daimler’ death on 6 March 1900, Maybach no longer had unconditional support in the company for his inventions. This was obvious after the chair of DMG’s supervisory board, Max von Duttenhorfer, died in August 1903.
 
Differenced in opinion grew and by 1906 Maybach had become a fan of motorsport as a way to demonstrate the technology to influence sales. He saw this as a driving force of series production, by learning from racing. Maybach’s desire to go racing saw him develop a six-cylinder engine with a shaft driven overhead camshaft. He dseigned the twin spark plug, high voltage, solenoid ignition too. Sadly, rather than use Maybach’s innovative design a much more conservative design by Paul Daimler was used.
 
DMG closed their test centre, which was headed by Maybach, forcing him to leave the company in 1907.

Engines For Airships And Automotive Engineering

Maybach established the Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH in Bissingen, Germany, with Count von Zeppelin in 1909. The company, managed by Wilhelm’s son Karl Maybach, relocated to Friedrichshafen on the shores of Lake Constance in Germany in 1912. At the end of the First World War the company was trading as Maybach-Motorenbau and entered into automotive engineering.
 
The first series production Maybach car, the 22/70 hp (W 3) was presented in 1921 and was produced until 1928. Wilhelm had returned to his original industry.
 
Maybach received many awards for his lifetime achievements. The Kingdom of Württemberg appointed him Royal Building Inspector in 1915. An honorary doctorate by Stuttgart Institute of Technology in 1916. In 1922, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) awarded him the golden Grashof medal. This was the associations’ highest honour.
 
Wilhelm Maybach passed away on 29 December 1929. He was placed in Cannstatt’s Uff cemetery, where Gottlieb Daimler is also buried. During the last year of his life Maybach witnessed the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin airship’s flight around the world. Driven by one of his companies twelve-cylinder engines, which Karl Maybach had designed.
 
After his death he was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1996 and in 2004 into the European Automotive Hall of Fame.

The Maybach Name Lives On With Mercedes-Benz

Maybach’s automotive engineering journey came to an end in 1941. But Mercedes brought the name back in 2002 as a luxury brand of Daimler Chrysler AG at the time. The 240 series Maybach 62 and Maybach 57 saloons were introduced.
 
In 2014 the new Mercedes-Maybach S-Class, W 222, premiered. Ever since then the Maybach name has been known for luxury and cutting edge technology. A bit like how it started.

Thanks to Mercedes-Benz for the images.

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